After two fratricidal civil wars (during the 21 years of war between 1955 and 2004, 2 millions people died), a peace agreement was signed in 2005. On the occasion of a referendum in January 2011, the autonomous region of South Sudan voted overwhelmingly for secession from the north, giving birth to the Republic of South Sudan. But the official declaration of independence and the creation of the new African state on July 9th will be held with the shadow of a new military and humanitarian crisis.

Southern Sudan has to cope with the influx of IDP's who took refuge in towns and villages of south Abyei and “returnees” from Khartoum are living in reception centers in the outskirts of the city.